XPS and material properties of raw and oxidized carbide-derived carbon and their application in antifreeze thermal fluids/nanofluids

Abstract In this study, the stability, thermal conductivity and viscosity of carbide-derived carbon antifreeze fluids were explored. The study also compares results between suspensions prepared using oxidized CDC emulsified gum arabic. At first, raw was with oxygen by acid treatment Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron revealed an increase in content functional groups CDC. two-step method utilized for preparation. Sedimentation visualization zeta potential testing employed to investigate stability nanofluids time. that has better higher values than CDCs; however, both mixtures demonstrated stable three months. Viscosity measurements showed arabic have a CDC; growing loadings decreased temperature. analysis carried out lambda analyzer temperature range 288–338 K mass loading 0.05–0.3 mass%. experimental outcomes suspension highest improvement 25.6% 0.3 mass% at 338 K. Moreover, raising found reduce enhancement. Therefore, according results, can perform Graphical abstract